Text mining in MS-Excel

1. UPPER: Converts text to uppercase. Example: =UPPER("text") returns "TEXT".
2. LOWER: Converts text to lowercase. Example: =LOWER("TEXT") returns "text".
3. PROPER: Capitalizes the first letter of each word. Example: =PROPER("hello world") returns "Hello World".
4. LEFT: Extracts a specified number of characters from the start of a text string. Example: =LEFT("Excel", 2) returns "Ex".
5. RIGHT: Extracts a specified number of characters from the end of a text string. Example: =RIGHT("Excel", 2) returns "el".
6. MID: Extracts a substring starting at a specified position. Example: =MID("Excel", 2, 3) returns "xce".
7. LEN: Returns the number of characters in a text string, including spaces. Example: =LEN("Excel") returns 5.
8. SEARCH: Finds the position of a text string within another (case-insensitive). Example: =SEARCH("c", "Excel") returns 3.
9. FIND: Finds the position of a text string within another (case-sensitive). Example: =FIND("c", "Excel") returns 3.
10. SUBSTITUTE: Replaces occurrences of old text with new text. Example: =SUBSTITUTE("Excel", "c", "x") returns "Exxel".
11. REPLACE: Replaces part of a text string with another. Example: =REPLACE("Excel", 2, 3, "mpl") returns "Empl".
12. CONCAT: Joins multiple text strings into one. Example: =CONCAT(A1, B1) combines the text in A1 and B1.
13. TEXTJOIN: Joins text strings with a specified delimiter. Example: =TEXTJOIN(", ", TRUE, A1, B1, A2) joins with commas.
14. TRIM: Removes extra spaces from text. Example: =TRIM(" Excel ") returns "Excel".
15. CLEAN: Removes non-printable characters from text. Example: =CLEAN("Excel ") returns "Excel".
16. EXACT: Checks if two text strings are exactly the same (case-sensitive). Example: =EXACT("Excel", "excel") returns FALSE.